A fully automatic deep learning-based method for segmenting regions of interest and predicting renal function in pediatric dynamic renal scintigraphy

Objective Accurate delineation of renal regions of interest (ROIs) is critical for the assessment of renal function in pediatric dynamic renal scintigraphy (DRS). The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) model that can fully automatically delineate renal ROIs and calculate renal function in pediatric 99m Technetium-ethylenedicysteine ( 99m Tc-EC) DRS. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 1,283 pediatric DRS data at a single center from January to December 2018. These patients were divided into training set ( n = 1027), validation set ( n = 128), and testing set ( n = 128). A fully automatic segmentation of ROIs (FASR) model was developed and evaluated. The pixel values of the automatically segmented ROIs were calculated to predict renal blood perfusion rate (BPR) and differential renal function (DRF). Precision, recall rate, intersection over union (IOU), and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) were used to evaluate the performance of FASR model. Intraclass correlation (ICC) and Pearson correlation analysis were used to compare the consistency of automatic and manual method in assessing the renal function parameters in the testing set. Results The FASR model achieved a precision of 0.88, recall rate of 0.94, IOU of 0.83, and DSC of 0.91. In the testing set, the r values of BPR and DRF calculated by the two methods were 0.94 ( P