Causal effects of blood pressure and the risk of frailty: a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Observational studies have indicated that high blood pressure (BP) may be a risk factor to frailty. However, the causal association between BP and frailty remains not well determined. The purpose of this bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was to investigate the causal relationship between BP and frailty. Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly ( P 0.05). These findings evinced that higher BP and PP were causally associated with an increased risk of frailty, suggesting that controlling hypertension could reduce the risk of frailty.