Patient‐Derived Organoids as Therapy Screening Platforms in Cancer Patients

Patient‐derived organoids (PDOs) developed ex vivo and in vitro are increasingly used for therapeutic screening. They provide a more physiologically relevant model for drug discovery and development compared to traditional cell lines. However, several challenges remain to be addressed to fully realize the potential of PDOs in therapeutic screening. This paper summarizes recent advancements in PDO development and the enhancement of PDO culture models. This is achieved by leveraging materials engineering and microfabrication technologies, including organs‐on‐a‐chip and droplet microfluidics. Additionally, this work discusses the application of PDOs in therapy screening to meet diverse requirements and overcome bottlenecks in cancer treatment. Furthermore, this work introduces tools for data processing and analysis of organoids, along with their microenvironment. These tools aim to achieve enhanced readouts. Finally, this work explores the challenges and future perspectives of using PDOs in drug development and personalized screening for cancer patients. This article highlights PDOs for therapeutic screening in cancer, emphasizing physiological relevance over traditional cell lines. It discusses advancements in PDO development and culture enhancement through materials engineering, including organs‐on‐a‐chip technology. The paper explores PDO applications in screening and cancer treatment challenges. It discusses the future of PDOs in drug development and personalized treatment.