Prevalence of functional limitations in older remote‐living Aboriginal Australians

Introduction To better tailor prevention and care strategies, there is a need to identify modifiable factors associated with functional impairment in older Aboriginal people, and related service needs. Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors for functional impairment in older Aboriginal people, and related service needs. Design Cross‐sectional survey of 289 Aboriginal people aged ≥45 years living in the remote Kimberley region of Western Australia. Factors associated with functional impairment were explored with logistic regression. Findings 41.2% (95% CI 35.6%–47.0%) of participants required assistance with at least one I/ADL, and 26.0% (95% CI 21.2%–31.3%) required assistance with two or more I/ADLs. A core activity limitation (required assistance with showering, dressing or cooking) was reported by 15.9% (95% CI 12.1%–20.6%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, older age, diabetes, difficulty walking, head injury, higher depression score and worse cognition were associated with needing help with two or more I/ADLs, while older age, history of stroke, higher depression score and worse cognition were associated with the presence of a core activity limitation. The proportion of participants receiving support with I/ADLs ranged from 71.2% to 97.6%. Support was generally provided by family and friends rather than service providers. Discussion The key modifiable factors associated with functional impairment in older Aboriginal people living in remote regions are diabetes, depression and cognitive impairment. Services required are transport and socio‐cultural activities, and ensuring support for family providing the majority of care. Conclusions This study highlights the need for holistic prevention strategies and care for older Aboriginal people with functional limitations and their families.