Recent trends in targeted delivery of smart nanocarrier-based microbial enzymes for therapeutic applications

[Display omitted] •Microbial enzymes have emerged as promising therapeutic drugs.•Immobilization improves the pharmacological properties of microbial enzymes.•Smart nanocarriers aid in the controlled & targeted release of therapeutic enzymes.•Such formulations are developed for treatment of cancer, thrombosis & wound healing.•Challenges associated with their effective clinical translation are also discussed. Smart carrier-based immobilization has widened the use of enzymes for the treatment of several disorders. Large surface areas, tunable morphology, and surface modification ability aid the targeted and controlled release of therapeutic enzymes from such formulations. Smart nanocarriers, such as polymeric carriers, liposomes, and silica have also increased the stability, half-life, and permeability of these enzymes. In this review, summarize recent advances in the smart immobilization of microbial enzymes and their development as precision nanomedicine for the treatment of cancer, thrombosis, phenylketonuria (PKU), and wound healing. We also discuss the challenges and measures to be adopted for the successful clinical translation of these formulations.