Change in function and homeostasis of HPA axis: The role of vitamin family

With the improvement of living quality, people pay more and more attention to vitamin supplements. The vitamins in the daily diet can meet the needs of the body. Whether additional vitamin supplementation is necessary still needs to be further explored. Many studies have reported that vitamin deficiency and excessive vitamin supplementation could lead to abnormal development in the body or increase the risk of diseases. Here, we summarize the abnormal levels of vitamins can cause the homeostasis imbalance of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by affecting its development and function. It can lead to abnormal synthesis and secretion of glucocorticoid in the body, which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases and psychoneurotic diseases. In addition, vitamin has a strong antioxidant effect, which can eliminate oxygen free radicals. Thereby, vitamins can alter HPA axis function and homeostasis maintenance by combating oxidative stress. This review provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the role of abnormal levels of vitamin in the occurrence and development of multiple diseases and its intervention strategy, and also provides reference value and guiding significance for rational use of vitamins.