The Investigation of Bone-Implant Connection and New Bone Formation in Fasting and High-Fatty Diet Rats

Hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) has many adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, including vascular problems. In addition, a HFD also has significant adverse effects on bone health. The aim of this study is to examine bone-implant osteointegration and new bone formation in peri-implant defects in fasting and high-fatty diet applied rats. In this study, 28 female Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into four groups, with seven rats in each group: the control group on a normal diet (Group 1) (n = 7), the fasted group (Group 2) (n = 7), the high-fatty diet (HFD) group (Group 3) (n = 7), and the fasted and HFD group (Group 4) (n = 7). Titanium implants with a diameter of 2.5 mm and a length of 4 mm were placed in the right tibia bones of the subjects, and a bone graft corresponding to 2 mm of the implant length was placed in the bone defect applied to the neck region. All rats that continued the administered diet for 12 weeks were sacrificed at the end of the experiment period. The implants and surrounding bone tissue were surgically removed and subjected to biomechanical analysis to assess bone-implant osteointegration and peri-implant new bone formation. It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the rats in the control group and the other three groups in terms of bone-implant osteointegration and peri-implant new bone formation (P > 0.05). As a result of this study, it was determined that fasting or maintaining a HFD does not adversely affect bone-implant osteointegration or peri-implant new bone formation in the tibias of rats.