Effective extracellular vesicles in glioma: Focusing on effective ncRNA exosomes and immunotherapy methods for treatment

This comprehensive article explores the complex field of glioma treatment, with a focus on the important roles of non‐coding RNAsRNAs (ncRNAs) and exosomes, as well as the potential synergies of immunotherapy. The investigation begins by examining the various functions of ncRNAs and their involvement in glioma pathogenesis, progression, and as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Special attention is given to exosomes as carriers of ncRNAs and their intricate dynamics within the tumor microenvironment. The exploration extends to immunotherapy methods, analyzing their mechanisms and clinical implications in the treatment of glioma. By synthesizing these components, the article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how ncRNAs, exosomes, and immunotherapy interact, offering valuable insights into the evolving landscape of glioma research and therapeutic strategies. Significance statement Research on Long non‐coding RNA (LncRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) exosomes in glioma is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumor's development and progression. These molecules play key regulatory roles in gene expression, influencing key pathways in glioma pathogenesis. Understanding these exosomes can provide biomarkers for early detection and personalized treatment strategies. The study of exosomes also contributes to intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment, influencing tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. This research not only deepens our understanding of glioma biology but also enables the development of more precise diagnostic tools and targeted therapies.