Making competent decisions in sport and exercise science and sports medicine: Preliminary practical guidelines on sex and gender

[...]we provide preliminary guidelines on how the constructs of sex and gender could be implemented in SAMS based on existing empirical4 and professional literature.5 We recognise the need to create more inclusive spaces where individuals can express their authentic selves without fear of direct or indirect discrimination. In essence, making assumptions about one's sex and/or gender identity based on partial evidence may further exacerbate negative experiences for researchers, participants, practitioners and clients. [...]we offer a brief review of existing empirical3,4,13 and professional literature5,7,14 resulting in the decision-making flowchart (Fig. 1) aimed at helping SAMS professionals to make better decisions, create an inclusive environment and move towards evidence-based research and practice reflective of our modern society. 2 Research The World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki15 provides the ethical framework for the conduct of all scientific research involving humans, including SAMS. [...]as appears common practice in SAMS research literature, sex should be recorded and reported in most research studies, using accurate language and without confusing sex with gender identity. [...]SAMS professionals should self-reflect and self-educate first before challenging unconscious biases and providing culturally competent services, whilst remaining cognisant of the language and approaches with which clients feel most comfortable. 4 Decision-making in research and practice: practical implications SAMS professionals can minimise negative experiences by respecting clients' and participants' intersecting identities and compiling more accurate research evidence that leaves no one behind.