Enhancing resistance and cell survival in Acipenser ruthenus liver, gill, and kidney cells: The potential of heat shock protein inducers against PAH-benzo[a]pyrene stress

The Caspian Sea has faced many environmental challenges, such as oil pollution. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a critical role in stress conditions and physiological changes caused by disease or injury. By evaluating the effects of various HSP inducers (HSPi), including Pro-Tex® (NOP: 800 mM), amygdalin (AMG: 80 mM), and a novel synthetic compound derived from pirano piranazole (SZ: 80 µm) on isolated cells from Sterlet Sturgeon ( Acipenser ruthenus ) treated with 75% IC 50 PAH-benzo[ a ]pyrene (B a P; B75). This study examines whether there is a correlation between exposure to the B a P pollutant and HSPs in fish. In vitro, after culturing cells from the liver, kidney, and gills, they were treated with HSPi compounds in the presence and absence of B a P. Western blotting was used to assess HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 expression patterns. A variety of enzyme activities were measured before (without treatment) and after treatment with HSPis and HSPi + B75, including cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity, specific enzyme activity for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), antioxidant capacity, liver indicator enzymes, cortisol levels, and immunity parameters. When compared to the control group, cells treated with B75 showed the lowest AChE enzyme activity ( p