Actinoplanes pyxinae sp. nov., a new lichen-derived rare actinobacterium exhibiting antimicrobial and anticancer activity

A novel lichen-derived actinobacterium, designated Pm04-4 , was isolated from (Sw.) Nyl. lichen collected from Chaiyaphum, Thailand. A polyphasic approach was used to describe the taxonomic position of the strain. The strain had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties similar to members of the genus . It produced sporangia on the substrate mycelia. -diaminopimelic acid, galactose, glucose and mannose were detected in the whole-cell hydrolysate of the strain. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H ). The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C , anteiso-C , iso-C and anteiso-C . Strain Pm04-4 showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to TRM 8003 (99.0 %). In the phylogenomic tree, strain Pm04-4 was positioned close to TRM88003 , M416 , TRM66264 , TRM88002 , DSM 45518 , NBRC 110975 , DSM 43805 , LDG1-01 and LDG1-06 . The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain Pm04-4 and its closely related neighbours were below the threshold values for describing new species. Moreover, the strain could be distinguished from its closely related type strains by phenotypic properties. Based on genotypic and phenotypic evidence, it can be concluded that strain Pm04-4 is a representative of a new species for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Pm04-4 (=TBRC 16207 =NBRC 115836 ). The type strain exhibited activity against ATCC 25923 as well as four yeast strains, namely TISTR 5554, TISTR 5006, TISTR 5351 and TISTR 5007. It also showed cytotoxicity against Caco-2, MNT-1 and MCF-7 cancer cells.