Screening, isolation, and activity evaluation of potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors in Poria Cum Radix Pini and mechanism of action in the treatment of gout disease

Poria Cum Radix Pini is a rare medicinal fungus that contains several potential therapeutic ingredients. On this basis, a particle swarm mathematical model was used to optimize the extraction process of total triterpenes from P. Cum Radix Pini, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors were screened using affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the ultrafiltration assay was verified by molecular docking experiments and molecular dynamics analysis, and the mechanism of action of the active compounds for the treatment of gout was analyzed by enzymatic reaction kinetics and network pharmacology. A high‐speed countercurrent chromatography method combined with the consecutive injection and the economical two‐phase solvent system preparation using functional activity coefficient of universal quasichemical model (UNIFAC) mathematical model was developed for increasing the yield of target compound. In addition, dehydropachymic acid and pachymic acid were used as competitive inhibitors, and 3‐O‐acetyl‐16alpha‐hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid and dehydrotrametenolic acid were used as mixed inhibitors. Then, activity‐oriented separation and purification were performed by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography combined with semi‐preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and the purity of the four compounds isolated was higher than 90%. It will help to provide more opportunities to discover and develop new potential therapeutic remedies from health care food resources.