Amphiphilic Balance: Effect of the Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Ratio on Fouling-Release Surfaces

This study demonstrated the importance of identifying the optimal balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in amphiphilic coatings to achieve fouling-release (FR) performance that surpasses that of traditional hydrophobic marine coatings. While there have been many reports on fouling-release properties of amphiphilic surfaces, the offered understanding is often limited. Hence, this work is focused on further understanding of the amphiphilic surfaces. Poly­(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were used to create a series of noncross-linked amphiphilic additives that were then added to a hydrophobic-designed siloxane-polyurethane (SiPU) FR system. After being characterized by ATR-FTIR, XPS, contact angle analysis, and AFM, the FR performance was evaluated by using different marine organisms. The assessments showed that the closer the hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in a system reached a relatively equalized level, the more desirable the FR performance of the coating system became. A balanced ratio of hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity in the system at around 10–15 wt % of each component had the best FR performance and was comparable to or better than commercial FR coatings.