Race‐ethnicity and sex differences in 1‐year survival following percutaneous coronary intervention among Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries

Rationale Existing literature describing differences in survival following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by patient sex, race‐ethnicity and the role of socioeconomic characteristics (SEC) is limited. Aims and Objectives Evaluate differences in 1‐year survival after PCI by sex and race‐ethnicity, and explore the contribution of SEC to observed differences. Methods Using a 20% sample of Medicare claims data for beneficiaries aged 65+, we identified fee‐for‐service patients who received PCI from 2007 to 2015. We performed logistic regression to assess how sex and race‐ethnicity relate to procedural indication, inpatient versus outpatient setting, and 1‐year mortality. We evaluated whether these relationships are moderated by sequentially controlling for factors including age, comorbidities, presence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), county SEC, medical resource availability and inpatient versus outpatient procedural status. Results We identified 300,491 PCI procedures, of which 94,863 (31.6%) were outpatient. There was a significant transition to outpatient PCI during the study period, especially for men compared with women and White patients compared with Black patients. Black patients were 3.50 percentage points (p