Negative Refraction in Perspective

The concept of negative refraction is attracting a lot of attention. The initial ideas and the misconceptions that have arisen are discussed in sufficient detail to understand the conceptual structure that binds negative refraction to the existence of backward wave and forward wave phenomena. A presentation of the properties of isotropic media supporting backward waves is followed by a discussion of negative phase velocity media, causality, anisotropic crystals, and some connections to photonic crystals. The historical background is always coupled to a detailed presentation of all the issues. The paper is driven numerically and is illustrated with the outcomes of original FDTD simulations.