Statics and dynamics of point boojums, line and modified Saturn ring topological defects in nematic confined geometry

In this paper we study the static structure and the dynamics of topological defects associated with isotropic droplets in nematic environment. Investigations were made in confined geometry of optical cells when the droplet size was of the order of or larger than the gap of the cell. We observed the coexistence of point boojums and Saturn ring or modified Saturn ring defects. We found transformation of the Saturn ring defect to two localized broad defects at increasing the droplet size. At droplet coalescence antipodes of point and localized broad defects were born and the dynamics of their annihilation with existing defects was investigated. We found strong difference in the process of annihilation of point and localized broad defects. Graphical Abstract Microscope images of isotropic droplets in nematic environment in a planar cell. The director orientation far from the droplets is in horizontal direction. The photographs were taken with crossed vertical and horizontal polarizers ( a ) and with a single horizontal polarizer ( b ). The cell thickness is 100 μm. Droplet diameter is less than the cell thickness. 1 and 2 are point boojums, L is the Saturn ring defect