Longitudinal changes in renal function in patients with chronic hepatitis B on antiviral treatment

Summary Background Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) often experience renal function decline. Conflicting results regarding the impact of NUC use and renal function have recently been reported. Aim To examine longitudinal changes in renal function according to the NUC treatment type compared with untreated patients Methods From 2014 to 2022, we retrospectively analysed 10,642 patients with CHB. The primary outcome was chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, which was defined as a minimum one‐stage elevation. We applied propensity score (PS) matching for outcome comparisons. Results In the PS‐matched cohort of 1996 pairs, the NUC‐treated group (7.6/100 person‐years [PYs]) had a significantly higher CKD progression risk than the untreated group (4.4/100 PYs), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.70 (p