M. S. Swaminathan (1925–2023)

Architect of India’s green revolution Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan, the plant geneticist whose work catalyzed India’s agricultural renaissance, died on 28 September. He was 98. Swaminathan worked tirelessly to revolutionize agriculture and ensure food security and sustainable resource management. He aimed to improve crop yields, promote ecological and economic sustainability, and empower small farmers while integrating cutting-edge technology and promoting gender equality in agriculture. Swaminathan’s relentless research and advocacy enabled an enduring green revolution.