Scholarship of Drug Information and Library Sciences Instruction in North American Pharmacy Education: A Systematic Review of English-Language Research

This study aimed to characterize the scholarship of teaching and learning specific to drug information and library sciences (DILS) in pharmacy education and provide a comprehensive, evidence-based resource for faculty, detailing published practices for content delivery and scholarly research gaps. Systematic searches of PubMed, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Educational Resources Information Center, Scopus, Library Literature & Information Science Full Text, and Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts were conducted from January 1997 through early February 2022. Included studies were published in English, involved DILS content, were specific to pharmacy education, were original research, and were conducted in North America. The review excluded abstract-only records and studies that did not include learners (ie, pharmacy students and residents) as participants. Duplicate records were removed. After screening and review, 166 articles met the eligibility criteria, 60% of which (n = 100/166) were published in the last 10 years. Most studies focused on literature evaluation (45/166, 27%), fundamentals of drug information (43/166, 25%), evidence-based medicine (21/166, 13%), and resource utilization (21/166, 13%). Studied learners were mainly pharmacy students (77%), and 82% of research included authors who were pharmacists, whereas 14% included librarians. Assessment techniques used primarily focused on student perception (61/166, 37%), followed by summative assessment (46/166, 28%), other (25/166, 15%), and formative assessment (18/166, 11%). This article presents a systematically identified collection of North American literature examining the education in DILS of pharmacy learners. Areas for continued research of DILS content include evaluating underrepresented educational domains (ie, systematic approach, response development and provision, literature searching, study design), using librarians more in scholarship of teaching and learning research, and using formative and summative assessments as outcomes.