Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Sonography for the Diagnosis of Intracranial Hypertension in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Timely diagnosis and management of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can significantly reduce mortality rates. Ultrasound examination of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is considered a potential, noninvasive, and effective method for assessing ICP. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of ONSD ultrasound detection and invasive ICP monitoring methods to compare and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ONSD ultrasound detection methods for intracranial hypertension (IH) in patients with TBI. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ONSD sonography for predicting increased ICP. The 2 authors independently extracted the collected data. Simultaneously, the QUADAS-2 tool was used to evaluate the bias risk of each study and conducted random-effects meta-analyses for the accuracy and specificity of diagnosis, and calculated pooled estimates. Ten studies with 512 patients were included. The diagnostic accuracy of ONSD sonography for IH was revealed as a pooled sensitivity of 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–0.89) and specificity of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80–0.93), compared with the invasive ICP monitoring standard for patients with TBI. ONSD sonography may be a useful method for predicting increased ICP in adult patients with TBI. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the diagnostic value of ONSD sonography.