Effect of cannabis and subproducts on anthropometric measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Obesity poses a significant public health challenge. Research has examined the impact of cannabis and subproducts on health but varying results have hindered a consensus. Aim This study aimed to evaluated the effects of cannabis and subproducts on body measurements. Methods For searching randomized controlled trials evaluating cannabis and/or subproducts use and changes in anthropometric measures, a systematic search at MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was conducted until March 2023. The outcomes included changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Meta-analysis was realized using R software (version 4.2.1). Results In general, cannabis use reduced weight by 1.87 kg (95% CI: −3.71 to −0.03) and WC (mean difference = −2.19, 95% CI: −4.44 to 0.06). When examining subgroups, longer follow-up periods were associated with a more pronounced BMI reduction (mean difference = −1.10, 95% CI: −2.23 to 0.03). Cannabinoid CB1 exhibited an increase in body fat (mean difference = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.66–2.74). Conclusion These findings suggest that cannabis and subproducts could be considered adjuncts in obesity treatment by helping to reduce relevant anthropometric measurements.