Nail-extraction device mismatch: an issue in developing countries intramedullary nail removal practice

Purpose Intramedullary nail is the gold standard in the management of long bone diaphyseal fractures of tibia and femur. The jig of these nails has corresponding extraction device whose pitch for nail coupling come in various sizes. This unlike plate and screws may be difficult to predict preoperatively and may pose a problem during removal. Difficulties in removal may arise due to the proliferation of nail brands especially in developing countries. The study aims to identify the incidence of extraction device mismatch among orthopaedic surgeons in Nigeria as well as the indications and complications associated with intramedullary nail removal. Methods A two-page questionnaire was administered to 87 orthopaedic surgeons attending the Annual General Meeting of the Nigerian Medical Association. The attitudes of the participants towards intramedullary nail were assessed. Results All participants agree to asymptomatic removal. Patients wish was the leading indication for asymptomatic removal among the participants. Sixty-one percent of the surgeons have had the need to remove a nail different from the brand in the hospital their practice. The commonest indication for symptomatic removal was infections. Forty-seven percent of the participant encountered nail extraction-device mismatch. Conclusions The incidence of extraction device mismatch may portend a public health issue. There may be need for patient who had intra medullary nail insertion to be told their brand. We advocate for standardization of extraction device pitch for intramedullary nail.