Comparing biofilm reactors inoculated with Shewanella for decolorization of Reactive Black 5 using different carrier materials

This study assessed the performance of biofilm reactors inoculated with azo dye degrading Shewanella for the decolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5), using three different carrier materials, namely almond shell biochar, moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), and polypropylene carrier (PPC). The reactors were fed with low‐nutrient artificial wastewater containing RB5, and all three carriers showed good RB5 decolorization performance, with varying efficiencies. Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed distinct RB5 degradation pathways associated with each carrier, influenced by carrier materials and microbial communities. The MBBR carrier exhibited good stability due to its rough surface and microbial aggregates. Sequencing results highlighted differences in the microbial community structures among the carriers. Shewanella predominated the functional bacteria in the MBBR and PPC carriers, while the biochar carrier fostered highly efficient degrading microbial communities. The physicochemical properties of carrier materials significantly influenced the microbial community and RB5 degradation efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing biofilm reactors for dye‐containing wastewater treatment. Graphical and Lay Summary This study investigates the influence of different carriers on the decolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) in biofilm reactors inoculated with Shewanella india. Distinct degradation pathways and microbial community structures were unraveled, highlighting the profound influence of carrier materials. This study provides essential insights for optimizing biofilm reactor designs in dye‐containing wastewater treatment.