Safety and short‐term outcomes of robotic‐assisted transabdominal preperitoneal repair for inguinal hernia in pioneering hospitals in Japan: A nationwide retrospective cohort study

Introduction We aimed to evaluate the safety and short‐term outcomes of robotic‐assisted transabdominal preperitoneal repair for inguinal hernia in 12 pioneering hospitals in Japan. Methods Clinical data of patients who underwent robotic‐assisted transabdominal preperitoneal repair between September 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021 were collected. Primary outcome measures were intra‐operative adverse events and post‐operative complications, whereas secondary outcomes were surgical outcomes, including chronic pain, recurrence, and learning curve. Results In total, 307 patients were included. One case of inferior epigastric arterial injury was reported; no cases of bowel or bladder injury were reported. Thirty‐five seromas were observed, including four (1.3%) cases that required aspiration. The median operative time of a unilateral case was 108 minutes (interquartile range: 89.8–125.5), and post‐operative pain was rated 1 (interquartile range: 0–2) on the numerical rating scale. In complicated cases, such as recurrent inguinal hernias and robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy‐associated hernias, dissection and suture were safely achieved, and no complications were observed, except for non‐symptomatic seroma. All patients underwent robotic procedures, and there was no chronic post‐operative inguinal pain, although one case of hernia recurrence was reported. Regarding the learning curve, plateau performance was achieved after 7–10 cases in terms of operative time (P