Biventricular Dysfunction and Ventricular Interdependence in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A 3.0‐T Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking Study
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, subsequently leading to left ventricular (LV) impairment. The mechanism underlying ventricular interdependence is largely uninvestigated. Purpose To explore the biventricular dysfunction and the ventricular interde...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of magnetic resonance imaging 2024-07, Vol.60 (1), p.350-362 |
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| creator | Fang, Han Wang, Jin Shi, Rui Li, Yuan Li, Xue‐Ming Gao, Yue Shen, Li‐Ting Qian, Wen‐Lei Jiang, Li Yang, Zhi‐Gang |
| description | Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, subsequently leading to left ventricular (LV) impairment. The mechanism underlying ventricular interdependence is largely uninvestigated.
Purpose
To explore the biventricular dysfunction and the ventricular interdependence in PH patients.
Study Type
Retrospective.
Population
One hundred and seven PH patients (mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg) and 72 age‐ and sex‐matched controls with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0 T/balanced steady‐state free precession sequence.
Assessment
LV and RV ejection fractions (EF) and RV and LV radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strains were assessed using commercial software. Strains were compared between controls, PH patients with preserved RVEF (RVEF ≥40%, N = 48), and PH patients with reduced RVEF (RVEF |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jmri.29044 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2880101163</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2880101163</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3934-553bc408ea88819697fe18442d5f0938949f45d5b629ef4fa696b0fed437c7243</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1u1DAURi0EoqWw4QGQJTYIKYN_E5tdO1A6qIgKBlhaHvsGPCTOYCeg7HgDeEaeBJcpCLFgda90j46uvg-hu5QsKCHs0bZPYcE0EeIaOqSSsYpJVV8vO5G8ooo0B-hWzltCiNZC3kQHvFG1EFQfom8n4TPEMQU3dTbhJ3Nup-jGMERso8dv_7qt4gjJww6ih-gAh4gv7BgKkfG7MH7AF1PXD9GmGZ_NO0gjxFw8j_Ex5gvy4-v3NV7a5IN1-MWrFT4FO04J8DpZ9zHE9_j1OPn5NrrR2i7Dnat5hN6cPl0vz6rzl89Wy-PzynHNRSUl3zhBFFilFNW1blqgSgjmZUs0V1roVkgvNzXT0IrW1rrekBa84I1rmOBH6MHeu0vDpwnyaPqQHXSdjTBM2TClCCWU1ryg9_9Bt8OUYvnOcFILSRgXtFAP95RLQ84JWrNLoS9hGErMZU3msibzq6YC37tSTpse_B_0dy8FoHvgS-hg_o_KPC9Z7qU_ATJpnjA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3064502341</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Biventricular Dysfunction and Ventricular Interdependence in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A 3.0‐T Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking Study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Fang, Han ; Wang, Jin ; Shi, Rui ; Li, Yuan ; Li, Xue‐Ming ; Gao, Yue ; Shen, Li‐Ting ; Qian, Wen‐Lei ; Jiang, Li ; Yang, Zhi‐Gang</creator><creatorcontrib>Fang, Han ; Wang, Jin ; Shi, Rui ; Li, Yuan ; Li, Xue‐Ming ; Gao, Yue ; Shen, Li‐Ting ; Qian, Wen‐Lei ; Jiang, Li ; Yang, Zhi‐Gang</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, subsequently leading to left ventricular (LV) impairment. The mechanism underlying ventricular interdependence is largely uninvestigated.
Purpose
To explore the biventricular dysfunction and the ventricular interdependence in PH patients.
Study Type
Retrospective.
Population
One hundred and seven PH patients (mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg) and 72 age‐ and sex‐matched controls with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0 T/balanced steady‐state free precession sequence.
Assessment
LV and RV ejection fractions (EF) and RV and LV radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strains were assessed using commercial software. Strains were compared between controls, PH patients with preserved RVEF (RVEF ≥40%, N = 48), and PH patients with reduced RVEF (RVEF <40%, N = 59).
Statistical Tests
Chi‐squared tests or Fisher's exact test, t tests or Mann–Whitney U test, one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc correction or Kruskal–Wallis test, Pearson or Spearman correlation, and multivariable linear regression analysis. A two‐tailed P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
Results
RV strain decreased sequentially from controls, through PH with preserved RVEF, to PH with reduced RVEF. PH patients with reduced RVEF had significantly lower LV strain, especially septal strain, and LV peak diastolic strain rate compared with both controls and PH patients with preserved RVEF. Multivariable analyses showed that RVEF was independently correlated with LV strain; furthermore, independent of RVEF, RV strain was significantly correlated with LV strain (LVGRS: β = 0.416; LVGCS: β = −0.371; LVGLS: β = 0.283).
Data Conclusion
Subclinical impairment of RV function was found in PH with preserved RVEF. LV strain was impaired when RV was dysfunctional, which was associated with worsening RV strain. Therefore, while focusing on improving RV function, LV dysfunction in PH patients should also be monitored and treated early in order to slow the progression of the disease.
Level of Evidence
3
Technical Efficacy
Stage 3</description><identifier>ISSN: 1053-1807</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-2586</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29044</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37864419</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; biventricular dysfunction ; Correlation ; Female ; Field strength ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging ; Heart Ventricles - physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary - complications ; Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnostic imaging ; Hypertension, Pulmonary - physiopathology ; Impairment ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine - methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariable control ; Population studies ; Pulmonary arteries ; Pulmonary artery ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Regression analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical tests ; strain ; Strain rate ; Stroke Volume ; Variance analysis ; Ventricle ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - diagnostic imaging ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnostic imaging ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - physiopathology ; ventricular interdependence</subject><ispartof>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging, 2024-07, Vol.60 (1), p.350-362</ispartof><rights>2023 The Authors. published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.</rights><rights>2023 The Authors. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3934-553bc408ea88819697fe18442d5f0938949f45d5b629ef4fa696b0fed437c7243</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3934-553bc408ea88819697fe18442d5f0938949f45d5b629ef4fa696b0fed437c7243</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3681-6186 ; 0000-0001-9341-7697</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjmri.29044$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjmri.29044$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37864419$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fang, Han</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xue‐Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Yue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Li‐Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qian, Wen‐Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhi‐Gang</creatorcontrib><title>Biventricular Dysfunction and Ventricular Interdependence in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A 3.0‐T Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking Study</title><title>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging</title><addtitle>J Magn Reson Imaging</addtitle><description>Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, subsequently leading to left ventricular (LV) impairment. The mechanism underlying ventricular interdependence is largely uninvestigated.
Purpose
To explore the biventricular dysfunction and the ventricular interdependence in PH patients.
Study Type
Retrospective.
Population
One hundred and seven PH patients (mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg) and 72 age‐ and sex‐matched controls with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0 T/balanced steady‐state free precession sequence.
Assessment
LV and RV ejection fractions (EF) and RV and LV radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strains were assessed using commercial software. Strains were compared between controls, PH patients with preserved RVEF (RVEF ≥40%, N = 48), and PH patients with reduced RVEF (RVEF <40%, N = 59).
Statistical Tests
Chi‐squared tests or Fisher's exact test, t tests or Mann–Whitney U test, one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc correction or Kruskal–Wallis test, Pearson or Spearman correlation, and multivariable linear regression analysis. A two‐tailed P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
Results
RV strain decreased sequentially from controls, through PH with preserved RVEF, to PH with reduced RVEF. PH patients with reduced RVEF had significantly lower LV strain, especially septal strain, and LV peak diastolic strain rate compared with both controls and PH patients with preserved RVEF. Multivariable analyses showed that RVEF was independently correlated with LV strain; furthermore, independent of RVEF, RV strain was significantly correlated with LV strain (LVGRS: β = 0.416; LVGCS: β = −0.371; LVGLS: β = 0.283).
Data Conclusion
Subclinical impairment of RV function was found in PH with preserved RVEF. LV strain was impaired when RV was dysfunctional, which was associated with worsening RV strain. Therefore, while focusing on improving RV function, LV dysfunction in PH patients should also be monitored and treated early in order to slow the progression of the disease.
Level of Evidence
3
Technical Efficacy
Stage 3</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>biventricular dysfunction</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Field strength</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Heart Ventricles - physiopathology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension, Pulmonary - complications</subject><subject>Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Hypertension, Pulmonary - physiopathology</subject><subject>Impairment</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine - methods</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariable control</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Pulmonary arteries</subject><subject>Pulmonary artery</subject><subject>Pulmonary hypertension</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical tests</subject><subject>strain</subject><subject>Strain rate</subject><subject>Stroke Volume</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><subject>Ventricle</subject><subject>Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology</subject><subject>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - physiopathology</subject><subject>ventricular interdependence</subject><issn>1053-1807</issn><issn>1522-2586</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1DAURi0EoqWw4QGQJTYIKYN_E5tdO1A6qIgKBlhaHvsGPCTOYCeg7HgDeEaeBJcpCLFgda90j46uvg-hu5QsKCHs0bZPYcE0EeIaOqSSsYpJVV8vO5G8ooo0B-hWzltCiNZC3kQHvFG1EFQfom8n4TPEMQU3dTbhJ3Nup-jGMERso8dv_7qt4gjJww6ih-gAh4gv7BgKkfG7MH7AF1PXD9GmGZ_NO0gjxFw8j_Ex5gvy4-v3NV7a5IN1-MWrFT4FO04J8DpZ9zHE9_j1OPn5NrrR2i7Dnat5hN6cPl0vz6rzl89Wy-PzynHNRSUl3zhBFFilFNW1blqgSgjmZUs0V1roVkgvNzXT0IrW1rrekBa84I1rmOBH6MHeu0vDpwnyaPqQHXSdjTBM2TClCCWU1ryg9_9Bt8OUYvnOcFILSRgXtFAP95RLQ84JWrNLoS9hGErMZU3msibzq6YC37tSTpse_B_0dy8FoHvgS-hg_o_KPC9Z7qU_ATJpnjA</recordid><startdate>202407</startdate><enddate>202407</enddate><creator>Fang, Han</creator><creator>Wang, Jin</creator><creator>Shi, Rui</creator><creator>Li, Yuan</creator><creator>Li, Xue‐Ming</creator><creator>Gao, Yue</creator><creator>Shen, Li‐Ting</creator><creator>Qian, Wen‐Lei</creator><creator>Jiang, Li</creator><creator>Yang, Zhi‐Gang</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-6186</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-7697</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202407</creationdate><title>Biventricular Dysfunction and Ventricular Interdependence in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A 3.0‐T Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking Study</title><author>Fang, Han ; Wang, Jin ; Shi, Rui ; Li, Yuan ; Li, Xue‐Ming ; Gao, Yue ; Shen, Li‐Ting ; Qian, Wen‐Lei ; Jiang, Li ; Yang, Zhi‐Gang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3934-553bc408ea88819697fe18442d5f0938949f45d5b629ef4fa696b0fed437c7243</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>biventricular dysfunction</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Field strength</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Heart Ventricles - physiopathology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Hypertension, Pulmonary - complications</topic><topic>Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Hypertension, Pulmonary - physiopathology</topic><topic>Impairment</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine - methods</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariable control</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Pulmonary arteries</topic><topic>Pulmonary artery</topic><topic>Pulmonary hypertension</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical tests</topic><topic>strain</topic><topic>Strain rate</topic><topic>Stroke Volume</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><topic>Ventricle</topic><topic>Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology</topic><topic>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - physiopathology</topic><topic>ventricular interdependence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fang, Han</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Rui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xue‐Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Yue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Li‐Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qian, Wen‐Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Zhi‐Gang</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fang, Han</au><au>Wang, Jin</au><au>Shi, Rui</au><au>Li, Yuan</au><au>Li, Xue‐Ming</au><au>Gao, Yue</au><au>Shen, Li‐Ting</au><au>Qian, Wen‐Lei</au><au>Jiang, Li</au><au>Yang, Zhi‐Gang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biventricular Dysfunction and Ventricular Interdependence in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A 3.0‐T Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking Study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging</jtitle><addtitle>J Magn Reson Imaging</addtitle><date>2024-07</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>60</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>350</spage><epage>362</epage><pages>350-362</pages><issn>1053-1807</issn><eissn>1522-2586</eissn><abstract>Background
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) results in right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, subsequently leading to left ventricular (LV) impairment. The mechanism underlying ventricular interdependence is largely uninvestigated.
Purpose
To explore the biventricular dysfunction and the ventricular interdependence in PH patients.
Study Type
Retrospective.
Population
One hundred and seven PH patients (mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg) and 72 age‐ and sex‐matched controls with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0 T/balanced steady‐state free precession sequence.
Assessment
LV and RV ejection fractions (EF) and RV and LV radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strains were assessed using commercial software. Strains were compared between controls, PH patients with preserved RVEF (RVEF ≥40%, N = 48), and PH patients with reduced RVEF (RVEF <40%, N = 59).
Statistical Tests
Chi‐squared tests or Fisher's exact test, t tests or Mann–Whitney U test, one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc correction or Kruskal–Wallis test, Pearson or Spearman correlation, and multivariable linear regression analysis. A two‐tailed P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
Results
RV strain decreased sequentially from controls, through PH with preserved RVEF, to PH with reduced RVEF. PH patients with reduced RVEF had significantly lower LV strain, especially septal strain, and LV peak diastolic strain rate compared with both controls and PH patients with preserved RVEF. Multivariable analyses showed that RVEF was independently correlated with LV strain; furthermore, independent of RVEF, RV strain was significantly correlated with LV strain (LVGRS: β = 0.416; LVGCS: β = −0.371; LVGLS: β = 0.283).
Data Conclusion
Subclinical impairment of RV function was found in PH with preserved RVEF. LV strain was impaired when RV was dysfunctional, which was associated with worsening RV strain. Therefore, while focusing on improving RV function, LV dysfunction in PH patients should also be monitored and treated early in order to slow the progression of the disease.
Level of Evidence
3
Technical Efficacy
Stage 3</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>37864419</pmid><doi>10.1002/jmri.29044</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-6186</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-7697</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1053-1807 |
| ispartof | Journal of magnetic resonance imaging, 2024-07, Vol.60 (1), p.350-362 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Adult Aged biventricular dysfunction Correlation Female Field strength Heart Heart Ventricles - diagnostic imaging Heart Ventricles - physiopathology Humans Hypertension Hypertension, Pulmonary - complications Hypertension, Pulmonary - diagnostic imaging Hypertension, Pulmonary - physiopathology Impairment Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine - methods Male Middle Aged Multivariable control Population studies Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary artery Pulmonary hypertension Regression analysis Retrospective Studies Statistical analysis Statistical tests strain Strain rate Stroke Volume Variance analysis Ventricle Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - diagnostic imaging Ventricular Dysfunction, Left - physiopathology Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - diagnostic imaging Ventricular Dysfunction, Right - physiopathology ventricular interdependence |
| title | Biventricular Dysfunction and Ventricular Interdependence in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A 3.0‐T Cardiac MRI Feature Tracking Study |
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