Cascade of atopic dermatitis comorbidities in children after birth for 15 years

Background Individuals with atopic dermatitis often develop other conditions. Objective This study aimed to determine how atopic dermatitis comorbidities develop in children over time. Methods This population‐based administrative cohort study used national health insurance data. We traced individuals born in Korea between 2002 and 2003 to 2018. The date of initial atopic dermatitis diagnosis was set as the index date. Fifty‐three childhood comorbidities of atopic dermatitis were identified as outcomes of interest by performing a comprehensive literature search and comparing the prevalence of diagnostic codes in children with and without atopic dermatitis. Four control children per individual in the atopic dermatitis group were randomly matched based on sex and index date. The association between atopic dermatitis and the development of each specified disease was assessed using proportional hazard assumption, followed by mapping of the temporal sequences of interconnected comorbidities. Results The atopic dermatitis and control groups contained 67,632 and 270,528 individuals, respectively. The median age at the index date was 10 months, whereas the median follow‐up period was 15 years. Twenty diseases that were associated with a higher risk of atopic dermatitis were identified and a chain of interconnected conditions created. The progression began in childhood with febrile seizures, constipation, and asthma, and was later associated with the emergence of food allergy, allergic rhinitis, psychiatric disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Conclusion Our study highlights the temporal nature of atopic dermatitis comorbidities in children, and indicates that an understanding of the comorbidities may inform its clinical management and treatment. This administrative observational study investigated the development of comorbidities in children with atopic dermatitis over time. Tracking individuals born between 2002 and 2003 over a period of 15 years, we found that atopic dermatitis is associated with various medical conditions, including neurological, gastrointestinal, and infectious diseases, in addition to well‐known allergies and mental disorders. Previous comorbidities often influence the subsequent development of concurrent conditions.