Group prenatal care for pregnant women with opioid use disorder: Preliminary evidence for acceptability and benefits compared with individual prenatal care

Introduction The effectiveness of group prenatal care (G‐PNC) compared with individual prenatal care (I‐PNC) for women with opioid use disorder (OUD) is unknown. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the acceptability of co‐locating G‐PNC at an opioid treatment program and (2) describe the maternal and infant characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women in treatment for OUD who participated in G‐PNC and those who did not. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 71 women (G‐PNC n = 15; I‐PNC n = 56) who were receiving treatment for OUD from one center and who delivered in 2019. Acceptability was determined by assessing the representativeness of the G‐PNC cohorts, examining attendance at sessions, and using responses to a survey completed by G‐PNC participants. The receipt of health services and healthcare use, behaviors, and infant health between those who participated in G‐PNC and those who received I‐PNC were described. Results G‐PNC was successfully implemented among women with varying backgrounds (e.g., racial, ethnic, marital status) who self‐selected into the group. All G‐PNC participants reported that they were satisfied to very satisfied with the program. Increased rates of breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding at hospital discharge, receipt of the Tdap vaccine, and postpartum visit attendance at 1–2 weeks and 4–8 weeks were observed in the G‐PNC group compared with the I‐PNC group. Fewer G‐PNC reported postpartum depression symptomatology. Conclusion Findings suggest that co‐located G‐PNC at an opioid treatment program is an acceptable model for pregnant women in treatment for OUD and may result in improved outcomes. Findings suggest that co‐located group prenatal care at an opioid treatment program is an acceptable model for pregnant women in treatment for opioid use disorder, and may result in improved outcomes compared to individual prenatal care.