A narrative review of pulsed radiofrequency for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome

Objective Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome, can commonly persist despite conservative treatment modalities such as wrist splinting or medications. Pulsed radiofrequency represents a minimally invasive pain intervention technique to alleviate pain. The literature was reviewed to establish the effectiveness of PRF therapy for CTS. Study Design This is a narrative review of relevant articles on the effectiveness of PRF for CTS. Method Four databases, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, OVID Emcare, and Web of Science, were systematically searched. 804 records were screened, and the reference lists of eligible articles were examined. For this review, eight extracted studies were narratively explored. Results One case report, three retrospective cohorts, one observational prospective study, and three randomized‐controlled trials were included. PRF likely provides both an analgesic and functional benefit in patients with mild to severe CTS, and it also shows benefit as an adjunct to carpal tunnel release surgery. Long‐term data is limited. It also appears likely that steroid injection may represent a comparable treatment modality to PRF, and there have been positive results when these modalities are used together. Notably, all studies differed in their methodology, making direct comparisons between studies challenging. Conclusions The evidence for PRF in the treatment of CTS, across the range of spectrum of severity or peri‐operative to CTS surgery, appears favorable and avoids known side effects of steroid injections. Potential mechanisms for PRF and future directions for research are explored.