Bacterial Cellulose Applied in Wound Dressing Materials: Production and Functional Modification – A Review

In recent years, the development of new type wound dressings has gradually attracted more attention. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer material with various unique properties, such as ultrafine 3D nanonetwork structure, high water retention capacity, and biocompatibility. These properties allow BC to be used independently or in combination with different components (such as biopolymers and nanoparticles) to achieve diverse effects. This means that BC has great potential as a wound dressing. However, systematic summaries for the production and commercial application of BC‐based wound dressings are still lacking. Therefore, this review provides a detailed introduction to the production fermentation process of BC, including various production strains and their biosynthetic mechanisms. Subsequently, with regard to the functional deficiencies of bacterial cellulose as a wound dressing, recent research progress in this area is enumerated. Finally, prospects are discussed for the low‐cost production and high‐value‐added product development of BC‐based wound dressings. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the microbial production of bacterial cellulose (BC), with a particular emphasis on the application of BC composites in wound management. The BC composites, obtained through various modification methods, exhibit remarkable antibacterial and wound‐healing abilities. The future development of BC in the field of wound dressings is also discussed.