Clinical outcomes of aspergillosis among paediatric and adult inpatients: A multicentre study in a Brazilian metropolitan area

Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) is a disease of significant clinical relevance, especially among immunosuppressed patients, and is associated with high mortality rates. In this study, we evaluated the epidemiological features and clinical outcomes in children and adults with IA. This was an observational, multicentre, prospective surveillance study of inpatients with IA at two different hospitals in Campinas, Brazil, between 2018 and 2021. A total of 44 patients were identified (54.5% males), with a median age of 42 years (interquartile range (IQR):19.25–59 years, varying between 1 and 89 years). The following baseline conditions were identified: 61.4% were oncohaematological patients and 20.5% were solid organ transplant recipients. Among oncohaematological patients, 77.8% exhibited severe or persistent neutropenia. The median time between the onset of neutropenia and the diagnosis of fungal infection was 20 days (IQR: 10.5–26 days; range, 0–68 days). The interval between neutropenia onset and fungal infection was longer in paediatric than in general hospital (average, 29 vs. 13.4 days; median 26 vs 11 days; p=0.010). After the diagnosis of IA, the survival rates were 44.2% and 30.0% at 180 and 360 days, respectively. Survival was greater in patients aged ≤ 21 years (p = 0.040; log-rank test). They observed no difference in IA mortality related to COVID-19 pandemic. High mortality associated with IA was observed in both hospitals. Individuals over the age of 21 have a lower survival rate than younger patients.