Matcha‐silver nanoparticles reduce gamma radiation‐induced oxidative and inflammatory responses by activating SIRT1 and NLRP‐3 signaling pathways in the Wistar rat spleen

The biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles has drawn significant attention. The spleen is the largest lymphatic organ that is adversely impacted during irradiation. The current study was designated to evaluate the possible anti‐inflammatory effect of matcha‐silver nanoparticles (M‐AgNPs) to reduce inflammation associated with γ‐radiation induced‐oxidative stress and inflammation in rats' spleen. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by biogenic synthesis using a green sonochemical method from matcha (M) green tea. The obtained M‐AgNPs were extensively characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. Using zetasizer analysis, the surface charge, particle size, and radical scavenging DPPH assay of M‐AgNPs were also examined. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity were analyzed by MTT assay, and the IC50 was calculated. Four groups of 24 Wistar rats each had an equal number of animals. The next step involved measuring the levels of oxidative stress markers in the rat splenic tissue. Additionally, the amounts of inflammatory protein expression were evaluated using the ELISA analysis. The results indicated the formation of spherical nanoparticles of pure Ag° coated with matcha polyphenols at the nanoscale, as well as uniform monodisperse particles suited for cellular absorption. Results revealed that M‐AgNPs improved all biochemical parameters. Furthermore, M‐AgNPs relieve inflammation by reducing the expression of NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and enhancing the levels of ileSnt information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Histopathological examinations demonstrated the ability of M‐AgNPs to overcome the damage consequent to irradiation and recover the spleen's cellular structure. These results confirmed that matcha is a potential biomaterial for synthesizing AgNPs, which can be exploited for their anti‐inflammatory activity. Significance statement This study is significant as it explores the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using matcha green tea and their potential anti‐inflammatory activity in reducing inflammation associated with irradiation‐induced oxidative stress. The study provides a detailed characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles using various techniques. The results of the study show that M‐AgNPs improved all biochemical parameters and reduced the expression of inflammatory markers while en