Effects of transformational leadership on teachers’ self-efficacy in education for sustainable development: A serial mediation analysis

Based on empirical evidence, this study aimed to analyze the effect of transformational leadership on teachers' self-efficacy in ESD and test mediation effects in the relationship between transformational leadership and teachers' self-efficacy in ESD. To this end, researchers constructed nine hypotheses, predicting direct effects among variables, each single mediation effect of two mediators, and serial multiple mediation effect. The participants of the research consisted of 193 Korean in-service teachers. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. In addition, researchers applied serial mediation procedures with PROCESS Macro for SPSS to test specific mediate effects based on the bootstrap method. The the research, there were identified mechanisms through which the influence of the principal's transformational leadership on teachers' efficacy occurs in the context of ESD. The findings of the study were discussed in the light of relevant literature, and some suggestions were made for the future.