Obesity, Glycemic Traits, Lifestyle Factors, and Risk of Facial Aging: A Mendelian Randomization Study in 423,999 Participants
Background Several recent observational studies have associated obesity, lifestyle factors (smoking, sleep duration, and alcohol drinking), and glycemic traits with facial aging. However, whether this relationship is causal due to confounding and reverse causation is yet to be substantiated. Aims We...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Aesthetic plastic surgery 2024-03, Vol.48 (5), p.1005-1015 |
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Hauptverfasser: | , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
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Zusammenfassung: | Background
Several recent observational studies have associated obesity, lifestyle factors (smoking, sleep duration, and alcohol drinking), and glycemic traits with facial aging. However, whether this relationship is causal due to confounding and reverse causation is yet to be substantiated.
Aims
We aimed to assess these relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR).
Methods
For the instrumental variables, this paper selected independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to the exposures at a genome-wide state (
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ISSN: | 0364-216X 1432-5241 1432-5241 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00266-023-03551-4 |