Analysis of appropriate duration of colchicine prophylaxis to maximize the persistence of xanthine oxidase inhibitors as the first‐line urate‐lowering therapy in patients with gout using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database

Introduction We investigated the appropriate duration of colchicine prophylaxis to maximize the persistence of xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) as first‐line urate‐lowering therapy (ULT) in patients with gout. This was a nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Methods Patients with gout aged ≥20 years who were newly initiated on XOIs, such as allopurinol or febuxostat, from July 2015 to June 2017 and received these medications for ≥6 months were analyzed and followed up until June 2019. Persistence of XOIs was compared according to the 6‐month duration of colchicine prophylaxis. For additional subgroup analysis, we also compared the persistence of XOIs according to the 3‐month duration of colchicine prophylaxis. Results This study included 43 926 patients. The frequencies of patients with gout receiving colchicine prophylaxis for ≥6 months and ≥3 months were 6.3% and 7.6%, respectively. Allopurinol (65.2%) was prescribed more frequently than febuxostat (34.8%). During the study period, 23 475 patients (53.4%) stopped using XOIs. Colchicine prophylaxis for ≥6 months did not significantly reduce the risk of XOI discontinuation in multivariable Cox regression models. Colchicine prophylaxis for ≥3 months was significantly associated with a lower risk of non‐persistence to XOIs after adjusting for confounding factors (hazard ratio = 0.95, p = .041). Conclusion Our data suggest that at least 3 months of colchicine prophylaxis may be more appropriate than at least 6 months in terms of maximizing the persistence of XOIs in patients with gout.