Virtual biopsies: Proof of concept for a novel quantitative approach to liver biopsy adequacy and pathology education

Abstract Objectives To quantitatively measure liver biopsy adequacy requirements and the effect of a teaching intervention that uses a virtual biopsy platform. Methods A library of virtual liver biopsies was created using digital whole-slide, trichrome-stained tissue sections from liver resection material and QuPath image analysis software. Blinded participants staged fibrosis on the virtual biopsies before and after a teaching intervention. Results This platform both modeled adequacy requirements for cirrhosis diagnosis on biopsy material and measured the effect of a teaching intervention on participant performance. Using this platform, diagnostic accuracy for cirrhosis could be modeled according to the function y = λ(1 ‒ e‒x/γ). The platform demonstrated that the relationship between biopsy size and diagnostic accuracy was statistically significant and that biopsies smaller than 6 mm long and 0.8 mm wide were insufficient to diagnosis cirrhosis. The platform also measured improvement in fibrosis staging accuracy among participants following a teaching intervention. Conclusions These results provide proof of concept for a virtual biopsy method by which outstanding questions in anatomic pathology can be addressed quantitatively using open source software. Future work is needed to validate these findings in clinical practice.