Construction of artificial intelligence non-invasive diagnosis model for common glomerular diseases based on hyperspectral and urine analysis

•Applying hyperspectral technology and artificial intelligence to the diagnosis of glomerular diseases.•Combining hyperspectral technology with liquid biopsy.•This diagnostic method overcomes the shortcomings of difficult tissue acquisition and poor acceptance in pathological biopsy.•The accuracy of the diagnostic model is close to the level of general pathologists. To develop a non-invasive fluid biopsy assisted diagnosis model for glomerular diseases based on hyperspectral, so as to solve the problem of poor compliance of patients with invasive examination and improve the early diagnosis rate of glomerular diseases. A total of 65 urine samples from patients who underwent renal biopsy from November 2020 to January 2022 in Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province were collected.By simultaneously capturing spectral information of the above urine samples in the 400–1000 nm range, more obvious differences were found in the spectra of urine from patients with glomerular diseases between 650 nm and 680 nm. We obtained the original hyperspectral images in this wavelength range through digital scanning, and sampled pixel points at intervals on the original images. The two-dimensional digital image generated from each pixel point served as a member of the subsequent training and test sets. . After manually labeling the images according to different biopsy pathological types, they were randomly divided into training set (n = 58,800) and test set (n = 25,200). The training set was used for training learning and parameter iteration of artificial intelligence non-invasive liquid diagnosis model, and the test set for model recognition and interpretation. The evaluation indexes such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were calculated to evaluate the performance of the diagnosis model. The model has an accuracy rate of 96% for early diagnosis of four glomerular diseases. The auxiliary diagnosis model system has high accuracy. It is expected to be used as a non-invasive diagnostic method for glomerular diseases in clinic.