Satisfaction and Well-Being After Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Among BRCA Mutation Carriers and Noncarriers: A Longitudinal Analysis of BREAST-Q Domains

Introduction Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is recommended for BRCA mutation carriers; its use in noncarriers relies on patient choice. We characterized differences in satisfaction and well-being after CPM between BRCA carriers and noncarriers. Methods BREAST-Q data were obtained before and after CPM with immediate reconstruction performed at a single institution from 2016 to 2022. Associations between BRCA status and satisfaction with breasts, psychosocial well-being, and sexual well-being were assessed, with adjustment for preoperative scores and relevant confounders. Results In total, 149 BRCA carriers and 842 noncarriers were included. Response rates varied over time (preoperative, 56%; 6 months, 78%; 1 year, 51%; 2 years, 52%; 3 years, 59%). BRCA carriers were younger ( p < 0.001), with a higher rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( p < 0.001). More noncarriers had HR+/HER2- tumors ( p < 0.001) and underwent endocrine therapy ( p < 0.001). Baseline satisfaction with breasts was higher among BRCA carriers (median [interquartile range] score, 70 [53–82] vs. 58 [48–70]; p = 0.006); psychosocial ( p = 0.20) and sexual ( p = 0.14) well-being were not significantly different between groups. BRCA carriers had a greater decrease in satisfaction with breasts ( p = 0.04) and psychological well-being ( p = 0.05) from baseline to 6 months; decrease in sexual well-being ( p = 0.38) was not significantly different between groups. On univariate and multivariable analyses, BRCA status was not associated with satisfaction with breasts, sexual well-being, or psychosocial well-being. Conclusions Satisfaction and well-being were similar between BRCA carriers and noncarriers treated with CPM. Relative to noncarriers, BRCA carriers experienced a greater decline in satisfaction with breasts and psychological well-being at 6 months after CPM.