The comparison of Y chromosome microdeletion incidence in blood DNA and sperm cell DNA

Background During gamete development and spermatogenesis, certain genes on the Y chromosome (Yq) in the Male-Specific Region (MSR) are responsible for human gametes formation. The long arm Yq is composed of both euchromatin and the genetically inactive heterochromatin regions. This region contains the Azoospermia factors AZFa , AZFb and AZFc . In the case of male infertility, microdeletions on the Yq chromosome appear to be structural chromosomal anomalies linked to sperm abnormality. Methods The present study aimed to look at the incidence, of Asthenospermia (AS), Teratospermia (TS), Oligospermia (OS) and Oligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT) patterns of Y chromosomal microdeletions in Indian infertile men with an ( AZF a , b , c ). This study was conducted with 75 infertile men as cases and 75 fertile men as a control for AZF locus microdeletion utilizing sequence-tagged sites. Results The AZFc region of germ cell DNA (50.6%) was the most deleted section in infertile men when compared to blood DNA (21.3%), followed by deletions in the AZFb region (21.3%) in germ cell DNA whereas blood DNA had no microdeletion in the AZFa region in both germ cell DNA and blood DNA. Infertile men displayed significant Yq microdeletion in both AZFb and also AZFc . Around 33% (25) of 75 infertile men had AZF ( a , b , c ) region microdeletion in blood DNA, compared to it germ cell DNA had a larger percentage of 72% (54) of Y chromosome microdeletions in the study samples. Conclusion A high-frequency rate of microdeletions seen in germ cell DNA. PCR-based Y chromosome microdeletion screening using germ cell DNA along with Genomic DNA might help in screening for genetic abnormality in infertile men who endure assisted reproductive technology treatments. This study might be attributable to the interplay of lifestyle and genetic factors, both contributing to the risk of developing these germ-line deletions.