Covalent Organic Framework‐Based Nanomotor for Multimodal Cancer Photo‐Theranostics

Developing efficient integrated diagnosis and treatment agents based on fuel‐free self‐movement nanomotors remains challenging in antitumor therapy. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF)‐based biomimetic nanomotor composed of polypyrrole (PPy) core, porphyrin‐COF shell, and HCT116 cancer cell membrane coating is reported. Under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the obtained mPPy@COF‐Por can overcome Brownian motion and achieves directional motion through self‐thermophoretic force generated from the PPy core. The HCT116 cancer cell membrane coating enables the nanomotor to selectively recognize the source cell lines and reduces the bio‐adhesion of mPPy@COF‐Por in a biological medium, endowing with this NIR light‐powered nanomotor good mobility. More importantly, such multifunctional integration allows the COF‐based nanomotor to be a powerful nanoagent for cancer treatment, and the high infrared thermal imaging/photoacoustic imaging/fluorescence trimodal imaging‐guided combined photothermal/photodynamic therapeutic effect on HCT116 tumor cell is successfully achieved. The results offer considerable promise for the development of COF nanomotors with integrated imaging/therapy modalities in biomedical applications. Developing effective self‐propelled nanomotors for integrated cancer diagnosis and treatment remains a challenge. A near infrared light powered nanomotor that consists of a polypyrrole core, porphyrin‐covalent organic framework (COF)‐shell, and HCT116 cancer cell membrane coating is reported. This COF‐nanomotor acts as a multifunctional nanoagent, enabling infrared thermal, photoacoustic, and fluorescence imaging, guiding photothermal/photodynamic therapy for tumors.