Ultrasound-guided percutaneous opening of the A1 pulley with surgical knife on anterograde versus retrograde approach: A comparative cadaver study (40 fingers)

Trigger finger is one of the most common pathologies of the finger flexor mechanism. Previous studies have shown the value of ultrasound-guided percutaneous tenolysis. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of anterograde versus retrograde percutaneous ultrasound-guided tenolysis. This was a comparative cadaver study performed between December 2021 and April 2022 in France, with 40 fresh cadaver fingers. Thumbs were excluded. A single surgeon performed 20 ultrasound-guided anterograde releases and 20 ultrasound-guided retrograde releases, using a second-generation minimally invasive surgical knife, and a multipurpose linear ultrasound transducer. The primary endpoint was the success of ultrasound-guided release, defined as complete opening of the A1 pulley along its entire length. The success rate was 90% in the retrograde group and 95% in the anterograde group (non-significant difference: p = 0.56). There was no significant difference in superficial flexor tendon slip injuries or partial A2 pulley injuries. There were no neurovascular pedicle lesions. The choice of anterograde or retrograde ultrasound-guided tenolysis should be left to the surgeon's discretion.