Mutant CYP3A4/5 Correlated with Clinical Outcomes by Affecting Rivaroxaban Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Purpose This study was designed to investigate the impact of single-nucleotide polymorphism-encoded cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4/5) on clinical outcomes of rivaroxaban in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) aspects. Method A prospective study enrolling 165 rivaroxaban-treated patients with NVAF was conducted. Genotyping of CYP3A4 (rs2242480, rs2246709, rs3735451, and rs4646440) and CYP3A5 (rs776746) was performed to explore their impact on the trough plasma concentrations ( C trough ) of rivaroxaban, coagulation indicators at the C trough including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT), and clinical outcomes. Results Patients with mutant genotype CYP3A4 (rs2242480, rs2246709, and rs3735451) and CYP3A5 (rs776746) had higher levels of rivaroxaban C trough , PT values than that of wild-type. Furthermore, a positive relationship was revealed between C trough and PT ( r = 0.212, p = 0.007), while no significant correlation was found between C trough and APTT. Regarding the clinical outcomes, the minor allele carriers on rs3735451 and the minor allele (A) carriers on rs2246709 were associated with higher incidence of minor bleeding ( p = 0.028 and p = 0.038, respectively) and were identified as the independent risk factors of minor bleeding treated with rivaroxaban ( p = 0.024 and p = 0.036, respectively), with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve validated (AUC = 0.8956, 95% CI: 0.829–0.962). Conclusion The CYP3A4 polymorphisms (rs2242480, rs2246709, and rs3735451) and CYP3A5 rs776746 were associated with variations in rivaroxaban PK/PD. The minor allele (C) carriers on rs3735451 and the minor allele (A) carriers on rs2246709 were correlated with clinical outcomes.