The role of probiotics in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) as an emerging field is a multidisciplinary science and combines basic sciences such as biomaterials science, biology, genetics and medical sciences to achieve functional TERM-based products to regenerate or replace damaged or diseased tissues or organs. Probiotics are useful microorganisms which have multiple effective functions on human health. They have some immunomodulatory and biocompatibility effects and improve wound healing. In this article, we describe the latest findings on probiotics and their pro-healing properties on various body systems that are useable in regenerative medicine. Therefore, this review presents a new perspective on the therapeutic potential of probiotics for TERM. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine can design processes or products to restore, repair, or replace injured or diseased cells, tissues or organs. It contains the generation and making use of therapeutic stem cells, and engineered scaffolds for the manufacture of artificial organs. This field focuses on the development and application of new treatments to heal tissues and organs as well as repair functions lost due to damage, defects, disease or aging. The World Health Organization has described probiotics as “ ”. Probiotics are found naturally in certain foods, such as kimchi and fermented yogurt. They are also found in your gut, where they partake in a type of important bodily processes, such as vitamin production, digestion, mood regulation, and immune function. Probiotics with their suitable pro-healing effects on different systems of the body can be used in regenerative medicine. Probiotic bacteria induce their beneficial effects via proven mechanisms including pathogens killing, modulating the gut microbiota, immunomodulatory effects, and anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and anti-cancer functions. Moreover, recent studies indicated that probiotics could neutralize infections caused by COVID-19. Probiotics are healthy microorganisms that exert multiple positive effects on human health, especially through the battle against pathogens and repairing different types of body tissues.