Role of Dydrogesterone for Luteal Phase Support in Assisted Reproduction

Clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) have significantly improved over the years with the advent of the frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) technique. Ovarian hyperstimulation during IVF cycles causes luteal phase deficiency, a condition of insufficient progesterone. Intramuscular or vaginal progesterone and dydrogesterone are commonly used for luteal phase support in FET. Oral dydrogesterone has a higher bioavailability than progesterone and has high specificity for progesterone receptors. Though micronized vaginal progesterone has been the preferred option, recent data suggest that oral dydrogesterone might be an alternative therapeutic option for luteal phase support to improve clinical outcomes of IVF cycles. Dydrogesterone has a good safety profile and is well tolerated. Its efficacy has been evaluated in several clinical studies and demonstrated to be non-inferior to micronized vaginal progesterone in large-scale clinical trials. Oral dydrogesterone may potentially become a preferred drug for luteal phase support in millions of women undergoing IVF.