Assessing Effectiveness and Efficiency of Need for Trauma Intervention (NFTI) and Modified NFTI in Identifying Overtriage and Undertriage Rates and Associated Outcomes

Introduction Limited research has assessed the effectiveness of Need for Trauma Intervention (NFTI) and Modified NFTI (MNFTI) criteria in accurately identifying triage rates in major trauma. We aim to evaluate the predictive capability of NFTI/MNFTI in determining rates of overtriage and undertriage, as well as associated outcomes. Methods A literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Cochrane from conception to April 13th, 2023. Studies assessing the utilization of NFTI/MNFTI in identifying over and undertriage rates were included. Additional outcomes including mortality, ICU LOS, and resource allocation were evaluated. Outcomes were compared between NFTI/MNFTI and other triage metrics. Results A total of 8 articles, including 175,650 trauma patients, were evaluated. NFTI utilization was associated with reduced overtriage rates compared to numerous tools including trauma triage matrix (TTM) and need for emergent intervention within 6 h (NEI-6) (NFTI 32.15%, TTM 44.5%, NEI-6 42.23%). Regarding undertriage, NFTI had lower rates than the secondary triage assessment tool (STAT) and TTM (NFTI 14.0%, STAT, 22.3%, TTM 14.3%) as well as Cribari Matrix Method (CMM) (NFTI .8%, CMM 7.6%, P < .0003). Additionally, the utilization of NFTI in combination with CMM yielded a significant reduction in undertriage rates compared to either tool alone (CMM/NFTI 2.7%, NFTI 4.6%, CMM 8.2%). Conclusion Implementation of NFTI/MNFTI resulted in more accurately capturing over and undertriage rates. Similar trends were identified when NFTI was used in combination with CMM. When compared to other triage tools, NFTI outperformed CMM, TTM, STAT, and NEI-6 in overtriage and/or undertriage rates.