Stresses in Refractory Lined Circular Vessels and Pipes

The determination of stresses with refractory lined vessels etc. must take into account the interrelatedness of both components, the shell and the lining. The necessary equations, displayed elsewhere, are clearly represented step by step. Tension stresses within the refractory are imaginary and can be traced only by calculation. They may be attributed to the shell, if only the equilibrium of forces is preserved. The effect of joint gaps within the refractory can also be calculated by introducing imaginary temperature reductions. To conclude, this report presents an example accompanying all comments and dealing with refractory wear as well.