Serum Neurofilament Light-Chain Concentrations in Essential Tremor: a Case–Control Study

Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disorder, with clinical and pathophysiological links to the cerebellum. Inquiries into the etiology, pathophysiology, and nosology of ET stand to benefit from the identification of disease biomarkers. Serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) has emerged as a novel signature of conditions in which neuronal injury reflects an outcome of the ongoing disease process. We sought to investigate the concentrations of NfL in ET patients and healthy controls. In this case–control study, our powered study population of 41 ET patients and 40 age-matched healthy controls underwent clinical assessments and measurement of serum NfL concentration using Simoa technology. Serum NfL was elevated in ET patients - mean log-transformed serum NfL concentration = 1.23 ± 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–1.29) vs. 1.08 ± 0.15 (95% CI = 1.03–1.13), p = 0.0002. This difference persisted after accounting for age, sex and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score in a multiple linear regression model ( p = 0.002) and in an age-matched sample subset of 35 ET cases and 35 controls ( p = 0.006). There was no association between tremor severity and serum NfL levels ( p = 0.73). In this sample of ET patients and controls, serum NfL concentrations were significantly higher in ET. Studies in additional cohorts of ET cases would be of value in attempting to replicate these results and assessing diagnostic utility.