Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Imaging Features in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants

Background Differences in the clinical and radiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have not been well studied. Purpose To compare clinical disease severity and radiologically severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized during a period of either Omicron BA.1/BA.2 or Omicron BA.5 subvariant predominance. Materials and Methods This multicenter retrospective study, included patients registered in the Korean Imaging Cohort of COVID-19 database who were hospitalized for COVID-19 between January and December 2022. Publicly available relative variant genome frequency data were used to determine the dominant periods of Omicron BA.1/BA.2 subvariants (January 17 to June 20, 2022) and the Omicron BA.5 subvariant (July 4 to December 5, 2022). Clinical outcomes and imaging pneumonia outcomes based on chest radiography and CT were compared among predominant subvariants using multivariable analyses adjusted for covariates. Results Of 1916 confirmed patients with COVID-19 (mean age, 72 years ± 16 [SD]; 1019 males), 1269 were registered during the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 subvariant dominant period and 647 during the Omicron BA.5 subvariant dominant period. Patients in the BA.5 group showed lower odds of high-flow O requirement (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.75 [95% CI: 0.57, 0.99]; = .04), mechanical ventilation (adjusted OR, 0.49 [95% CI: 0.34, 0.72]; < .001]), and death (adjusted OR, 0.47 [95% CI: 0.33, 0.68];