Relationship between preparation conditions, morphology and electrochemical properties of polyaniline prepared by pulse galvanostatic method (PGM)

Pulse galvanostatic method is used to synthesize polyaniline (PANI) in HNO 3 solution. Scanning electron microscopy results show that PANI prepared in this article has a nano-fibular structure. The influences of the synthesis parameters, such as mean current density, the ratio of ‘on’ to ‘off’ period ( t on/ t off), pulse frequency, monomer concentration and reaction temperature, on the morphology and the electrochemical properties of the PANI films have been investigated. The electro-activity of PANI film strongly depends on the morphology, which is determined by preparation conditions. At the following conditions, mean current density 1–3 mA cm −2, t on/ t off 10, frequency 10 Hz, monomer concentration 0.4 M and temperature 20 °C, the high quality nano-fibular PANI film with the best electrochemical properties can be obtained.