Relapsing GABA(A) Receptor Encephalitis After Stem Cell Transplant for Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Brain MRI revealed multiple cortical and subcortical T2/FLAIR hyperintensities over bilateral frontal and temporal regions without diffusion restriction or contrast enhancement (Fig. 1: Panel 1: MRI brain at the onset of the index event. (a – e): Axial T2/FLAIR images demonstrating multiple cortical and subcortical lesions involving the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Viral PCR analysis for herpes simplex viruses 1&2, human herpesviruses 6&7, human parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, human parechovirus, along with varicella-zoster, mumps, Epstein-Barr, John Cunningham, and Burkitt viruses were negative. A recent case series revealed that patients with anti-GABA(A)R encephalitis may display extensive confluent lesions, deviating from the usual pattern of multiple spotted cortical and subcortical lesions.