Risk factors associated with recurrent febrile urinary tract infection in children with neurogenic bladder who perform clean intermittent catheterization

Objective To identify the clinical and urodynamic risk factors associated with the development of recurrent febrile urinary tract infections (FUTIs) in children with neurogenic bladder (NB) who perform clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Methods Children with NB receiving CIC were prospectively enrolled from January to December 2019 and followed up prospectively for 2 years. All data were compared between occasional (0–1 FUTI) and recurrent FUTIs (≥2 FUTI) groups. In addition, the risk factors for recurrent FUTIs in children were evaluated. Results Complete data from 321 children were analyzed. Occasional FUTIs occurred in 223 patients, and 98 patients experienced recurrent FUTIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses, showed late‐initiation and low‐frequency CIC, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), small bladder capacity and low compliance, and detrusor overactivity were associated with an increased risk of recurrent FUTIs. Children with high‐grade VUR (grades IV‒V) had a higher risk of recurrent FUTIs than those with low‐grade VUR (grades I‒III) (odds ratio [OR]: 26.95 vs. OR: 4.78, p